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Xbox Deals with Gold & Lunar New Year Sale - Region by region comparison - Including Brazil Gift Card VPN method

The description of this deal was not provided by this subreddit and it's contributors.
Xbox.com Store
Price based on currency conversion as of 10/02/21.
For purchases using fee free credit / debit cards:
You are largely limited to the Hungary, Norway and Czech stores - the following list identifies which store is most cost effective per game and also notes where you are better off sticking with the UK store.
For purchases using gift card method e.g. Brazil
Xbox gift cards may be purchased from a number of online retailers including CDKeys, Eneba, MTC, Seagm and G2A.
**NOTE - Argentina and Turkey remain difficult region stores to purchase from, therefore prices for these countries are not included.
Instructions for redeeming codes:**
1) Via PC download a VPN client suitable for use with preferred region
2) Go to xbox.com& login into your account
3) Now go to redeem.microsoft.com/ent…1.0
4) Enter your code/s and confirm
5) Proceed to purchase game in the usual way.
NOTE: Codes may also be redeemed and purchases made via the Xbox iOS app without the use of a VPN, simply by changing location (providing you have not updated to latest version of the app).
To compare cost vs UK store please see the UK Deals with Gold post for this week:
https://www.hotukdeals.com/deals/xbox-store-uk-deals-with-gold-spotlight-sales-publisher-sales-bioshock-collection-ps799-hitman-2-gold-ps1199-more-3664650
submitted by SuperHotUKDeals to HotUKGamingDeals [link] [comments]

Xbox Holiday Game Sale - ALL region comparison inc. Brazil VPN using gift card method

The description of this deal was not provided by this subreddit and it's contributors.
Xbox.com Store
Price based on currency conversion as of 17/2/10.
For purchases using fee free credit / debit cards:
You are largely limited to the Hungary, Norway and Czech stores - the following list identifies which store is most cost effective per game and also notes where you are better off sticking with the UK store.
For purchases using gift card method e.g. Brazil
Xbox gift cards may be purchased from a number of online retailers including CDKeys, Eneba, MTC, Seagm and G2A.
NOTE - Argentia and Turkey removed from comparison due to complexities of purchasing and difficulties in obtaining gift cards for these stores.
Instructions for redeeming codes:
1) Via PC download a VPN client suitable for use with preferred region
2) Go to xbox.com& login into your account
3) Now go to redeem.microsoft.com/ent…1.0
4) Enter your code/s and confirm
5) Proceed to purchase game in the usual way.
NOTE: Codes may also be redeemed and purchases made via the Xbox iOS app without the use of a VPN, simply by changing location (providing you have not updated to latest version of the app).
To compare cost vs UK store please see the UK Xbox Holiday Game Sale post and also this week's Deals with Gold post.
https://www.hotukdeals.com/deals/xbox-xmas-holiday-sale-at-xbox-store-uk-3626574
https://www.hotukdeals.com/deals/xbox-store-uk-deals-with-gold-spotlight-franchise-publisher-sales-151220-3623295
submitted by SuperHotUKDeals to HotUKGamingDeals [link] [comments]

In which I examine the claim "Black people have invented nothing outside of peanut butter in the history of their race" and why that's wrong

Sigh. I can already predict some of the heated replies to this post.
In fact, any post that tries to list historical achievements of a particular ethnic group, culture, nationality or religion will find the exact same "critiques", so I'll just address some of them right off the bat.
You said X-invention was invented by Y group of people. Wikipedia says it was invented by Z groups of people centuries before, Y just specialized it and made it more popular! FAKE NEWS!!
Inventions, contrary to popular belief, are not so cut and dry as:
"Hey, look. I'm the person that invented this neat thing. Me, my country, everyone who keeps the same traditions as me, everyone that has the same religion, and everyone who shares the same skin tone as mine are to credit."
Honestly, 90% of the time the "inventor" themselves aren't even the ones to completely credit, as all they did was "up" a pre-existing creation. Many don’t even do that; history just tends to happen to favor them. Textbooks round the world credit Thomas Edison for the creation of lightbulbs and telephones, but all he was a PR man who had a habit of pocketing the patents of others for his own gain. Thomas wasn't even the first in line to start working with electricity, there were dozens of men who spent their entire lives perfecting commercial lighting and communication before and after Edison, yet if you ask millions of people globally who invented lightbulbs/telephones, the answer will overwhelmingly be:
"Like... that Thomas dude. Thomas something... Thomas Eddie??
Hell as I type this, there's a teacher somewhere telling her students to remember that Thomas Edison was the guy who invented the lightbulb for the test next Friday.
Or what about inventions that were improved later in time? Who gets the credit for creating telescopes? Galileo does, but all he did was improve an original design by Hans Lippershey.
What about inventions that were "invented" time and time again by separate peoples throughout history? The concept of the "Pythagoras theorem" is credited to, well, Pythagoras. Historians disagree, considering as there's textual evidence of the theorem millennia before Pythagoras was even born, from various different cultures from around the world.
There are hundreds, if not, thousands of examples of this all throughout history.
It's as Isaac Newton said:
"If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants."
Or as Mark Twain more aptly put it:
"It takes a thousand men to invent a telegraph, or a steam engine, or a phonograph, or a photograph, or a telephone or any other important thing—and the last man gets the credit and we forget the others. He added his little mite — that is all he did. These object lessons should teach us that ninety-nine parts of all things that proceed from the intellect are plagiarisms, pure and simple; and the lesson ought to make us modest. But nothing can do that"
So when a list-maker comes along every now and then makes a list about what accomplishments a certain group of people have made, it's not always as inaccurate or far from the truth as a few hecklers would have you think.
You know what is inaccurate AND far from the truth?
To claim that black people have invented absolutely nothing in the entire history of their race outside of peanut butter.
Which is exactly what The_Donald does here and here and here and here
Image in question
A bit of background.
The webcomic series, or RedPanels, describes itself as "Red Pill in Webcomic Form" and "the alternative webcomic". It was created way back in 2015 to provide "counter points" to the "liberal media narrative agenda". The webcomic touches upon a multitude of popular subjects, ranging from immigration to nationalism, usually through a right-wing lens. Despite it mostly covering the seemingly mainstream pro-Trump sentiments, there are more obscure ones that display the author's more very... * ahem *, interesting... beliefs..
Despite the fact that the dude's plainly an anti-Semitic pile of doo doo, having his swan song drawing end off with a literal Nazi salute, It's a relatively popular web comic among social conservatives and neo-reactionaries, who don't know anything about his more... eccentric beliefs. (I hope).
Anyways, there's not really too much to debunk in either graphics. They imply one of two things
1) Black People haven’t invented anything (outside peanut butter and mud huts of course)
2) White people/culture have invented everything outside of the two above mentioned items
All one has to do to prove it wrong is simply list anything invented by a b l a c c person or literally anything NOT invented by a white guy outside of peanut butter. That's too easy, so I’ll do both and I'll analyze some comments at the end to top it off. since every low-effort post mentioning T_D gets upvoted hard on this sub and therefore receives a volley of hate for being “low-effort”
Now, here's some inventions that could accompany the lonely missus in the final panel of the comic with that jar of peanut butter
  1. Anything George Washington Carver made
It's a tad ironic that of the hundreds of inventions George Washington Carver made during his lifetime, he is most famous for one he had nothing to do with. Yes, I’m talking about Peanut Butter.
The consumption of things that can be described as peanut butter actually dates back to Incas and Aztecs, while the the first example of peanut better being patented goes to Marcellus Gilmore Edson of Canada (funnily enough, if you google his name, the first image that comes up is of GWC).
However, if RedPanels/The_Donald is willing to credit peanut butter to George Washington Carver (aka something he didn’t actually make), they should at least give him the credit for hundreds of items he invented throughout his lifetime out of peanuts. The list includes: soap, face creams, axle grease, insecticides, glue, medicines. I mean just look at the dude’s sweet mustache, it counts as its own major contribution.
The man also helped popularize crop rotation and enhancing the market value of countless plants which he used for his inventions. Those plants would later become their own major crops, such as sweet potatoes, soybeans and peanuts (duh). When he died in 1943 President Franklin D. Roosevelt dedicated funds to erect a monument at Diamond, Missouri, in his honor.
Not bad for a man who was born and kidnapped as a slave, not bad at all.
The Answering Machine
Before 1935, life was a bit difficult for telephone users, to say the least.
You had to hope that the person you wished to call was near an answering machine in order to get your call across. If not, then your missed called was permanently lost. This all changed when Benjamin F. Thornton meshed a phonograph, some record discs, an electric motor, and few electric switches to create the world’s first answering machine.
Not only would the phonograph record the calls people had made, Thornton attached a clock to the machine that would switch the discs so it would also stamp the time the call had taken place.
Torpedoes
In the 1864 the Paraguayan War (between Paraguay and a Triple Alliance of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay) started and would last until 1870.
Naval battles were significant, and weapon that could damage enemy vessels over a distance were sought after. André Rebouças, designed an immersible device which could be projected underwater, causing an explosion with any ship it hit. The device became known as the torpedo.
While it was revolutionary, it wasn’t very effective and was overshadowed by Robert Whitehead’s version a handful of years later.
The Predecessor to Dry Cleaning
Thomas L. Jennings (1791-1859) was the first African American person to receive a patent in the U.S., paving the way for future inventors of color to gain exclusive rights to their inventions. Born in 1791, Jennings lived and worked in New York City as a tailor and dry cleaner. He invented an early method of dry cleaning called "dry scouring" and patented it in 1821
Jennings became active in working for his race and civil rights for the black community. In 1831, he was selected as assistant secretary to the First Annual Convention of the People of Color in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, which met in June 1831.
He helped arrange legal defense for his daughter, Elizabeth Jennings, in 1854 when she challenged a private streetcar company's segregation of seating and was arrested. She was defended by the young Chester Arthur, and won her case the next year.
With two other prominent black leaders, Jennings organized the Legal Rights Association in 1855 in New York, which raised challenges to discrimination and organized legal defense for court cases.
Modern Home Heating
In 1919 a patent was filled for a “new and improved home heating furnace”. It was the first time someone had thought of using natural gas to heat homes, replacing the previously used fireplaces and stoves. It was filled out by a woman - an African-American one (gasp) – named Alice H. Parker.
Unfortunately, other than that, there’s not much else know about her, as she essentially disappeared from the pages of history after filling out her patent.
Carbon Filaments, Improved Railroad Designs, and an early version of the Air Conditioner
Since the previous example has to do with home heating, it’d be just perfect for this example to include home cooling. And that’s exactly what Lewis Latimer invented, among others. Born from runaway slave parents, he grew up to collaborate with the greatest minds of his time, including Hiram Maxim, Alexander Graham Bell, and Thomas Edison.
He worked with Bell to develop his telephone, created the carbon filament (a vital component of the lightbulb), He obtained a patent for the safety elevator and Locking Racks. He was later hired by Thomas Edison to review and test out patents, he also authored the one of the most most comprehensive books on electric lighting, “Incandescent Electric Lighting: A Practical Description of the Edison System.”
Latimer next developed a method of making rooms more hygienic and climate controlled. He named his system an “Apparatus for Cooling and Disinfecting,” The device did wonders in hospitals, preventing airborne dirt and dust particles from circulating inside of patient rooms and public areas.
Lewis also had a taste for the arts as he: painting portraits, wrote poetry with friends, and composed music.
Touch-tone Phones, Portable fax machines, and the Fiber optic cable
While she didn’t single-handedly create these, Dr. Shirley Jackson helped provided immeasurable strides in telecommunication technology. Jackson conducted successful experiments in theoretical physics and used her knowledge of physics to foster advances in telecommunications research while working at Bell Laboratories. Dr. Jackson conducted breakthrough basic scientific research that enabled others to invent the portable fax, touch tone telephone, solar cells, and fiber optic cables, among others.
Mrs. Jackson was also the first black woman to earn a doctorate from MIT, the first black female president of a major technological institute, and became the first black woman appointed chair of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
Oh, and “The Father of the Fiber Optic Cable” is considered to be Narinder Singh Kapany, a Sikh from Punjab.
The Imaging X-Ray Spectrometer
George Alcorn was given the 1984 “NASA Inventor of the Year Award” for creation of the of the X-Ray Spectrometer, a device which analyses the X-ray emission spectrum a material produces results about the elemental composition of the specimen.
Now, I have no idea what that actually is, it sure does sound impressive, and if it’s good enough for NASA, it’s more than good enough for me.
America’s First Clock
Apparently, being credited with creating America’s first sticking clock apparently wasn’t enough for young Benjamin Banneker. He had to do it with a pocket watch he:
borrowed, took apart, carved each miniscule piece into a larger scale, and rebuilt it.
This arguably isn’t even what Mr. Banneker is most remembered for. He also was one of the first African-Americans to publish an almanac -one he created through his self-taught knowledge of astronomy - not to mention he was part of the party which surveyed the original borders of what is now the District of Colombia.
Oh, and he was a prominent abolitionist too.
The Laserphaco Probe
Patricia Batch is a person I can only describe as “a woman of many “firsts””.
In 1973, Patricia Bath became the first African American to complete a residency in ophthalmology (specialist in medical and surgical eye disease).
In 1975, Patricia Bath became the first female faculty member in the UCLA Jules Stein Eye Institute's Department of Ophthalmology.
In 1983, Patricia Bath became the first U.S. woman to serve as chair of an ophthalmology residency training program.
And finally in 1988, Patricia Bath became the first African-American female doctor to receive a patent for a medical invention.
The patent she received was for a new cataract treatment, one which harnessed laser technology and far more accurate than what used to be used to remove cataracts – manual grinding.
This (for obvious reasons) was incredibly difficult and excruciatingly pain.
Patricia dubbed her invention the “Laserphaco Probe”. She received patients for it in Canada, Europe, Japan, and, the US. With her device, she managed to remove cataracts from patients that had grown massive and had caused their blindness for over three decades.
Railroad Coupler and Rotary Engines
Like many others on this list, there’s not much information one can say on Andrew Jackson Beard. We know he was born as a slave in Alabama in 1849, and worked as a slave for the first 15 years of his life before Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation. At 16, roughly a single year after he was freed, Andrew married and started a farm with his wife just near the small county he was born. While on the farm, he was able to develop and champion his first invention (a plow). Three years later, he patented a second plow. These two inventions earned him almost $10,000 (worth nearly 200,000 USD in 2017), with which he began to invest in real estate.
Following his stint in the real-estate market, Andrew Beard began to work with and study train engines. In 1890 and 1892, while living in Woodlawn, Beard patented two improvements to the knuckle coupler. Beard's patents were U.S. Patent 594,059, granted on 23 November 1897 and U.S. Patent 624,901 granted 16 May 1899. The former was sold for the equivalent of almost $1.5 million (adjusted for inflation).
After this, we don’t know much else about him. Little is known about the period of from Beard's last patent application in 1897 up to his death.
He was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2006.
Self-Propelled Street Sweepers
If you’ve ever had to sweep your home for chores, you’d know how difficult it can be. Now imagine instead of you booming your house, it was every street in your country, armed with nothing except a long horizontal head broom, shovel and dustpan. This is what street sweepers did for centuries till Charles Brooks came along.
Historically, prior to Brooks' truck, streets were commonly cleaned by walking workers, picking up by hand or broom, or by horse-drawn machines. Brooks' truck had brushes attached to the front fender that pushed trash to the curb.
As far as Brooks was concerned, the regular way of cleaning the streets was too daunting and not very cost-effective. So, he decided to create a sort of broom – or sweeper – and attach this device to a truck. Hence the concept was born of the 'street sweeper truck.'
Brooks patent was approved on March 17th, 1896; his application for the patent was filed on April 20, 1895. The street sweeper could best be described as a truck frame mounted on the axles which are supported by front and rear wheels. There are drive-wheels for the sweeping, elevator mechanisms, and an endless chain that travels around a sprocket-wheel and travels up to an additional sprocket-wheel. There is a squared shaft, which is mounted at opposite ends in bearings in the upper parts of a pair of vertical standards consisting of the back or rear parts of the truck-frame and then sustained by braces, which extend from the standards to the truck-frame.
The patent drawings go on to explain the complete composition of the invention. For those who are lost on the technical terms, above, here it is in layman terms: The truck had brushes attached to the front fender which would revolve. These revolving brushes could interchange to a flat scraper that could be used in the winter months for snow and ice.
Improved Air-Purification Filters
Rufus Stokes was born and grew up in southern Alabama. On November 5, 1940, just before receiving his high school diploma, Rufus Stokes enlisted in the US Army at Fort Benning, Georgia in the Quartermaster Corps to fight in World War 2. (This would make him the second child solider on this list. To be honest, I was expecting this list to have a couple former slave, but not former child soldiers).
In the Army, he attended a technical school where he received auto mechanic training. He was deployed in western Europe and served predominantly in the Rhineland campaign. Upon his discharge, he was decorated with an American Defense Service Medal, European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal, and Good Conduct Medal.
Soon after, he moved to Kansas City, Missouri, where Stokes was employed as a part-time auto mechanic. In 1947, they moved once again, to Waukegan, Illinois where he found temporary employment as a pipe and sheet metal worker
Between late 1947 and 1949, Stokes was employed as an orderly at the Chicago Veterans Administration Hospital, specifically in the Tuberculosis Sanitarium. It was during this time that he first saw the negative health effects of the city's pollution. In 1949, he left the hospital and found work at Brule Inc., an incinerator manufacturing company in Chicago. He quickly learned the process of combustion and was thought to have contributed heavily in the designs of new incinerators, but was never credited for his work. For that reason, he left to pursue his own interests.
He later created a smaller domestic version and a larger mobile version of the air purification device to show its versatility. This device further reduced the ash emissions of the furnace and power plant smokestack emissions. Moreover, it was not limited by design and configuration, meaning that its efficiency remained excellent regardless of industrial or residential applications. This was not true of typical air pollution control technologies, such as electrostatic precipitators, bag houses, and wet scrubbers. The larger the device that utilized these approaches, the more cumbersome and inefficient it became. The core of Stokes' technology was a unique utilization of what he described as "the three Ts": Temperature, Time and Turbulence. In his patent applications (U.S., U.K., Germany and Japan), he provided only data sufficient to obtain patent approval. Other critical processes involving variations of physics were not revealed, but nevertheless manifest in demonstrations to municipal, state and federal officials and engineering firms such as A.T. Kearney. The ability of the APC-100 to convert particulate matter and toxic gases resulting from the burning of rubber tires and other combustibles to steam was a constant source of intrigue to those who witnessed its operation.
In 1982, Rufus Stokes was granted a doctor of science degree from Heed University in Hollywood, Florida on account of his scientific achievements.
The Wire/Electrical Resistor, IBM computers, and the pacemaker
Otis Boykin was born on August 29, 1920, in Dallas, Texas.
His mother died while was just a year old and his father worked as a carpenter. He wasn’t able to complete his university degree because he couldn’t afford to pay the tuition. Most people (namely me) would decide to give up entirely after all these setbacks, but this didn’t prevent Otis.
After dropping out of university, Boykin became a lab assistant, gaining just enough money to create his own company, Boykin-Fruth Inc. Using his own corporation as a starting point, Boykin patented a number of his own creations, including some that he had been working on before but hadn’t found the time to fully perfect. After that, Otis found immense success with his inventions.
In total, Otis Boykin would eventually come to hold 28 patents. Some of those include: The electrical wire resistor, IBM computers, chemical air filters, a burglar-proof cash register, and improvements on the pacemaker. Ironically, while he greatly improved on the device which would extend the lives of millions around the world suffering from heart disease, Otis himself died of heart failure at the age of 62, his inventions saving and continuing to save the lives of countless individuals.
Home Security
Most people would consider slow police action a bad thing, but for Marie Van Brittan Brown, it was a source of inspiration (and a really bad thing too, but I digress).
Although she was a full-time nurse, she recognised the security threats to her home and devised a system that would alert her of strangers at her door and contact relevant authorities as quickly as possible.
Her original invention consisted of peepholes, a camera, monitors, and a two-way microphone. Anything the camera picked up would appear on a monitor. An additional feature of Brown's invention was that a person also could unlock a door with a remote control. The finishing touch was an alarm button that, when pressed, would immediately contact the police.
Her patent laid the groundwork for the modern closed-circuit television system that is widely used for surveillance, home security systems, push-button alarm triggers, crime prevention, and traffic monitoring.
The Disposable Syringe
Phil Brooks (also known as CM Punk) is an American comic book writer and retired professional wrestler. He is currently signed with the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). He is best known for his time in WWE, where he was a two-time WWE Champion, including a 434-day reign from November 20, 2011, to January 27, 2013, that is recognized by WWE as one the longest wrestling reigns in its history.
Oops, not that Phil Brooks. The Phil Brooks I’m talking about is the African-American inventor, and receiver of US patent #3,802,434 for a “Disposable Syringe” on April 9, 1974. It consisted of:
"A single unit douching device includes a flexible bag having an opening therein. A rigid nozzle is affixed to the bag at a location remote from the opening. A sealing means is also affixed to the bag adjacent the opening to seal the opening after douching materials are inserted through the opening into the bag."
The 1-GigaHertz Microchip, IBM’s color PC monitor, and Industry Standard Architecture (ISA)
Ever heard of Mark Dean? Well you should have, He’s one of the most prominent black inventors in the field of computers. He was one of the original inventors of the IBM personal computer and the color PC monitor.
He is also responsible for creating the technology that allows devices, such as keyboards, mice, and printers, to be plugged into a computer and communicate with each other, as such he holds 3 of IBM’s original 9 patents and to date holds 20 others.
One of his most recent computer inventions occurred while leading the team that produced the 1-Gigahertz chip, a CPU with 109 hertz (or 1000000000 Hz) of processing power. It contains over one million transistors and has nearly limitless potential.
CM-2: One of the World’s Fastest Supercomputers
An Igbo immigrant from Nigeria, Dr. Philip Emeagwali was born on 23 August 1954. At the age of 13, he served in the Biafran army in the Nigerian Civil War. (You read that right, he was a literal child solider)
After the war, he left for America after the war in 1977, getting a bachelor's degree in mathematics from Oregon State University. He later moved to Washington DC, receiving in 1986 a master's degree from George Washington University in ocean and marine engineering, and a second master's in applied mathematics from the University of Maryland
In 1989 he won the Gordon Bell Prize with a performance figure of about 400 Mflops/$1M, faster than any computer before.
For this (and other achievements) Philip Emeagwali has been celebrated as “The Bill Gates of Africa”
Modern Game Consoles/Videogame Cartridges
Ever played video games? Of course you have! If you haven’t, well, err… you really should. And when you do, you’ve got Jerry Lawson to thank for making major contributions to the art. A completely self-taught engineer, as a teenager he made money by repairing his neighbors' television and radio sets.
In 1970, he joined Fairchild Semiconductor in San Francisco as an applications engineering consultant within their sales division. While there, he created the early arcade game Demolition Derby out of his garage.
In the mid-1970s, Lawson was made Chief Hardware Engineer and director of engineering and marketing for Fairchild's video game division. There, he led the development of the Fairchild Channel F console, released in 1976 and specifically designed to use swappable game cartridges. At the time, most game systems had the game programming stored on ROM storage soldered onto the game hardware, which could not be removed. Lawson and his team figured out how to move the ROM to a cartridge that could be inserted and removed from a console unit repeatedly, and without electrically shocking the user. This would allow users to buy into a library of games, and provided a new revenue stream for the console manufacturers through sales of these games. Lawson's invention of the interchangeable cartridge was so novel and influential that every cartridge he produced had to be approved by the Federal Communications Commission.
In late March 2011, Lawson was honored as an industry pioneer by the International Game Developers Association. His accomplishments as an engineer and inventor were appreciated by the IGDA. One month later he passed away from complications of diabetes. R. I. P.
The SuperSoaker
A NASA scientist (who worked on the Galileo Jupiter probe and Mars Observer project) and retired US Air Force Commander and Chief, Lonnie G. Johnson holds almost 100 patents to his name Including various lithium fuel cells, rechargeable batteries, and reversible engines. But today we’ll be looking at his most important contribution to humankind – the SuperSoaker
Johnson conceived of a novelty water gun powered by air pressure in 1982 when he conducted an experiment at home on a heat pump that used water instead of Freon. This experimentation, which resulted in Johnson shooting a stream of water across his bathroom into the tub, led directly to the development of the Power Drencher, the precursor to the SuperSoaker.
Lonnie G. Johnson now has his own company, Johnson Research and Development, and continues to do work for NASA.
The Gamma-Electric cell
Henry Sampson, (along with his partner George H. Miley), invented the gamma-electric cell (a device with the main goal of generating auxiliary power from the shielding of a nuclear reactor).
I have no idea what that it or what it does, but it sounds useful and science-y, so I’m putting it here.
Oh, and he was a member of the United States Navy between the years 1962 and 1964
The Illusion Transmitter
Valerie Thomas was interested in science as a child, after observing her father tinkering with the television and seeing the mechanical parts inside the TV. At the age of eight, she read The Boys First Book on Electronics, which sparked her interest in a career in science. At the all-girls school she attended, she was not encouraged to pursue science and math courses, though she did manage to take a physics course. Thomas would go on to attend Morgan State University, where she was one of two women majoring in physics. Thomas excelled in her math and science courses at Morgan State University and went on to eventually become a NASA scientist after graduation.
In 1980 she received a patent for her invention of Illusion Transmitter, a device which NASA continues to use today, decades after her retiring from the organization.
Electret transducer technology/The foil electret microphone
Have you ever listened to music online? Recorded yourself with a microphone or used earbuds for privacy? Well, there’s a 90% chance you’ve utilized one of James West’s numerous inventions.
Born in Prince Edward County, Virginia, on February 10, 1931, James was pressured by his family and peers not to continue his passion for science academically ( were concerned about future job prospects for an African-American scientist. Afraid of the racism and Jim Crow laws of the South. They preferred for him to become a doctor
Here’s a quote of his that essentially summarizes his situation:
“In those days in the South, the only professional jobs that seemed to be open to a black man were a teacher, a preacher, a doctor or a lawyer. My father introduced me to three black men who had earned doctorates in chemistry and physics. The best jobs they could find were at the post office.” —James West.
Undeterred, West headed to Temple University in 1953 to study physics and worked during the summers as an intern for the Acoustics Research Department at Bell Laboratories in Murray Hill, New Jersey. He received a bachelor's degree in physics in 1957, and was hired for a full-time position as an acoustical scientist by Bell.
In 1960 (while at Bell) West developed an inexpensive, highly sensitive, compact microphone. In 1962, they finished development on the product, which relied on their invention of electret transducers. By 1968, the electret microphone was in mass production. West's invention became the industry standard, and today, 90 percent of all contemporary microphones—including the ones found in telephones, tape recorders, camcorders, baby monitors and hearing aids—use his technology.
As of 2017, James West is still kickin’ and holds over 250 patents.
The Fire-Escape Ladder
Joseph Richard Winters was an African-American abolitionist and poet. His father was a bricklayer and his mother was a Shawnee Indian. On May 7, 1878, he received U.S. Patent number 203,517 for a wagon-mounted fire escape ladder. During April 8, 1879, he received U.S. Patent number 214,224 for an "improvement" on the ladder. In May 16, 1882, he received U.S. Patent number 258,186 for a fire escape ladder that could be affixed to buildings.
Winters had noticed that firemen had to carry inconvenient ladders to burning buildings, mount those on wagons, then climb to windows, rescue people, and spray water on fires. All simultaneously, or lose precious time that allowed the fires to spread. Not to mention that the ladders themselves couldn't be too long or the engine wouldn't be able to turn corners into narrow streets or alleys.
Winters thought it would be smarter to have the ladder mounted on the fire engine and be articulated so it could be raised up from the wagon itself. He made this folding design for the city of Chambersburg and received a patent for it. His second patent was given to him for improvements on his original design. His third and final patent was received in 1882 for a fire escape that could be attached to buildings. He reportedly received much praise but little money for his innovations.
Winters’ invention was almost immediately utilized by the Chambersburg, Pennsylvania fire department who mounted the ladder on a horse-drawn wagon, and modern firetrucks still use a variation of Joseph Winters design.
Telegraphs, Telephones, Electric Railways, and Incubators
Nicknamed “the Black Edison”, Granville T. Woods was quite the ingenious fellow. All in all, he patented around 60 inventions throughout his life, including a telephone transmitter, the trolley wheel and the multiplex telegraph.
Granville was born to poor but free parents. Consequently, he received very little schooling that likely ended at the Elementary level.
In his early teens Woods took up a variety of jobs, including work in a railroad machine shop, as an engineer on a British ship in a steel mill, and as a railroad worker. From 1876 to 1878, Woods lived in New York City, taking courses in engineering and electricity—a subject that he would come to realize, early on, held the key to both his and the world’s future. Woods's most important invention is arguably the multiplex telegraph, also known as the "induction telegraph," or block system, in 1887. The device allowed men to communicate by voice over telegraph wires, ultimately helping to speed up important communications and therefore preventing crucial errors such as train accidents. Granville also created the telegraphony, a combination of the telegraph and telephone
Granville’s successes however caught the eye of a more… malevolent inventor. The inventor in question filed lawsuit to Granville’s devices, claiming they were stolen from him. The inventors name? Thomas Edison
Thomas Edison stating that he had first created a similar telegraph and that he was entitled to the patent for the device. Woods was twice successful in defending himself, proving that there were no other devices upon which he could have depended or relied upon to make his device. After Thomas Edison's second defeat, he decided to offer Granville Woods a position with the Edison Company, Granville declined. (Gee I wonder why?) Subsequently, Woods was formerly known known as "Black Edison."
The Blood Bank
It’s quite literally impossible to calculate how many people would have lost their lives without the contributions of African-American Inventor Dr. Charles Drew. No I mean literally, impossible. One person in America needs blood every two seconds. Imagine how many people need blood worldwide every two – no, every one second. You’d need one of the CM-2 computers mentioned above to be able to calculate that. All of those lives are indebted to Dr. Drew’s innovation and struggles as the researcher and surgeon who revolutionized the understanding of blood plasma – leading to the invention of blood banks.
Born in 1904 in Washington, D.C., Charles Drew excelled from early on in both intellectual and athletic pursuits. And I mean excellent. He was offered both athletic and medical scholarships from multiple colleges and universities. He decided to study at two of them, Amherst collage for his athletics, and McGill University to pursue his doctorate. Drew graduated second out of a class of over a hundred. After becoming a doctor, Dr. Drew went to Columbia University to do his Ph.D. on blood storage. He completed a thesis titled “Banked Blood” that invented a method of separating and storing plasma, allowing it to be dehydrated for later use.
It was the first time Columbia awarded a doctorate to an African-American. He also became the first African-American surgeon selected to serve as an examiner on the American Board of Surgery, where he would later become the chief surgeon.
Just before the U.S. entered World War II and just after earning his doctorate, Drew was recruited by John Scudder (a British Physician) to help set up and administer an early prototype program for blood storage and preservation. He was to collect, test, and transport large quantities of blood plasma for distribution in the United Kingdom. Drew went to New York City as the medical director of the United States' Blood for Britain project. The Blood for Britain project was a project to aid British soldiers and civilians by giving U.S. blood to the United Kingdom.
Drew created a central location for the blood collection process where donors could go to give blood. He made sure all blood plasma was tested before it was shipped out. He ensured that only skilled personnel handled blood plasma to avoid the possibility of contamination. The Blood for Britain program operated successfully for five months, with total collections of almost 15,000 people donating blood, and with over 5,500 vials of blood plasma. As a result, the Blood Transfusion Betterment Association applauded Drew for his work.
Drew’s work would eventually culminate into the American Red Cross Blood Bank. Ironically, while Charles was responsible for the creation of the organization, he would eventually resign as the ARCBB practiced racial segregation of blood. They refused to accept African-American blood and would only transfer plasma to white soldiers and citizens. Outraged at both the practices racism and lack of scientific foundation Charles left the position.
When Dr. Charles Drew died from a car crash in 1950, the ARCBB ended its discriminatory policy. According to legend, Drew was actually brought to the hospital he had helped found but was refused service on account of his race. He died April 1st, perhaps the saddest April Fool’s joke played to one of the most monumental figure here.
Now obviously this is a very short list and I can’t possibly hope to list the achievements and innovations of every African person on the planet, both the one we know and the countless more we’ve lost to the pages of time… but the point still clearly stands and if RedPanels or T_D actually gave a shit about history they wouldn’t have made/posted the image.
For further reading:
1)https://www.nationalgeographic.org/news/african-american-inventors-18th-century/ 2)https://www.nationalgeographic.org/news/african-american-inventors-19th-century/ 3)https://www.nationalgeographic.org/news/african-american-inventors-20th-and-21st-century/ 4)https://thinkgrowth.org/14-black-inventors-you-probably-didnt-know-about-3c0702cc63d2
Note: This is an updated version of earlier one that got removed. I will cover the comments in the future and will link it here after since this is too long
submitted by SilverCaster4444 to badhistory [link] [comments]

TS World Champs 2019, Thessaloniki - Trip Report!

Hi folks,
This will likely be boring to those who a) aren’t referenced in it and b) don’t want a game summary without accompanying video. But, it was a swell trip to the World Champs in Thessaloniki this recent weekend so I said I’d post it all up.
Declaration of Interest
The report actually starts a few months earlier: although I had considered signing up, a boiler repair in my house knocked £2.5k out of the savings, so I mentally ruled it out. Then, thanks to u/trevelyan22 and the nice folks at Saito (http://apps.saito.network/arcade), they offered to front my travel and accommodation costs to come out and meet up. So - disclosure time - this report is supported in full by Saito, who are developing an opensource version of Twilight Struggle and I have been helping assiduously bug test. I recommend for those who are dubious of Playdek’s random dice generation, of the bugs which remain unfixed, and want a more ‘classic’ board game experience, pop on over to Saito. For the game-tweakers I understand there’ll be future capability to design and implement your own cards, so if you think it’s time to make changes/expansions to Twilight Struggle that’s soon to be possible!
Playing u/Wisebar the week before for ‘prep’
Thus: I get to go to Greece, 31st May to 3rd June. But! I rarely play live, and especially not in a tournament environment, so the weekend before u/Wisebar kindly agreed to meet up in Cambridge (them of the 5) to play a couple of live games and I could get a feel of how to track all the stuff the online engines do for you: flipping AR markers, counting milops, moving turn markers and space race trackers, counting all the battlegrounds for Kitchen Debates*, ah ha. Pleasingly - as with most of our encounters - we won one each, USA+2 once again the order of the day. I distinctly remember at one point headlining Cuban Missile Crisis* on Wisebar, and just before he couped I politely asked “are you sure you want to do that?”, then added ‘I won’t be extending the same courtesy next weekend!’. Little did I know…
Friday 31st May: Getting to Greece...slowly.
Fast forward then to heading to Greece. What better start for the tournament than getting an evening flight, to land in Thessaloniki at 2140? Imperfectly that means I missed the get together for the eve of the tournament, but it was a nice cheap flight and I could still get a full night’s sleep. And the flight was indeed good - right up until we got to Thessaloniki airspace and no fewer than 3 thunderstorms sat above the airport. So circle we do for 15mins till the holding fuel runs out...and redirect to Athens. Where we refuel and try again, landing at 0030. So I don’t get to the hotel till 0130 the night before day 1 of the tournament, having to get up at 0700. PERFECT PREPARATION :P
Saturday morning I’m introduced to u/trevelyan22, and we shoot the breeze before cabbing over to the school in which the event was held. There were 14 of us, a good number, and without further ado let’s move on to describing the first 4 games of the tournament for me.
Saturday 1st June; Game 1 - A turn 9 headline all that separates us
Game 1 was versus our organiser, u/VytautasTheGreat. I was USSR, he USA+2 (USA+2 was pretty much the ‘standard’ for the tournament, apart from u/Ziemowit_P who also threw some USA+3 in). I headlined Vietnam Revolts* and slammed 4 in Thailand, before we traded coups (necessitating use of the China Card) and I was lucky he held Asia Scoring for -6. Turn 2 was uneventful apart from ME scoring for USA +4, and me eventing NORAD* (surlily). Turn 3 we went tit for tat in Asia and Europe, the latter scoring for 0. Turn 4 I dodged a failed brush war in Pakistan, and both SA and CA were dumped cheap; I raced up to the headline peek space. Turn 5 saw the USA get in to SA with both Panama Canal* and OAS*. Middle East scores even and on we go; in turn 6 a fight for Asia loses my control and scores USA +6, but a good 3/1 space leads to me going into T7 at -7, and looking confident. A combination of T7 trading blows in Africa after a Quagmire* headline cancelling NORAD*, I hold out and get Africa scoring to move me to -13 going into Turn 8. Roll on Wargames*! I thought. BUT, an earlier eventing of JP allowed USA to take Poland (I was busy working on other regions that had scored, and Europe came out in T3), and a T8 “Tear Down This Wall*” gave USA control of Europe. I began to sweat: would Wargames or Europe Scoring drop first?! Thanks to an earlier eventing of Flower Power*, and the drive for Europe, war cards raced me up to -19 VP by the end of T8. In the headline phase of T9 - still peeking - USA drops Europe Scoring. All i need in my hand was either a VP awarding card (Glasnost*, Summit), an influence breaker (ABM Treaty, The Reformer*)...alas I did not pull one and Europe Control wins for USA. A great game, and a really fun one to kick off. Love a game where both sides can win and the margin was wafer thin, and congratulations to our organiser for the first win.
Game 2 - against my host, u/trevelyan22 - facing the USSR steamroller
Game 2 the algorithm drew me against u/trevelyan22: what a double punch! The organiser first and my benefactor who got me out here second, what a lark. This time I’m USA+2, he USSR. I’d been needled online for weeks about how I never headline Defectors, so I drop that T1...on Korean War. Not all that exciting, haha. He’s already in my head and it’s T1 headline. In T1 I tip my hand, really, and ops war for Europe, but he’s wise to it and denies me domination; in Turn 2 he scores Asia for domination - giving up the China Card to do it, and in Turn 3 all 3 scoring cards come out; in doing so, ME domination for USSR, Asia Scoring for domination (again), Decol to Africa and Destal to South America. A beautiful T4 Lone Gunman* headline (I was briefly glad to see it drop) allowed him to defuse my AR7 threat of moving into Colombia, and the successful 1op coup allowed him on AR1 to drop SA scoring for -7. Add that to turns 2 and 3 and an OPEC races him to -20 in 4 and a bit turns. Ugh! Great work him and a real steamrolling for me. I’m 0-2, underslept, onto my fifth coffee and wondering if I should have come out here :D
Game 3 - hastening the end for a new player :/
We head out for lunch (gotta have a gyro, what it do), deconstruct what little of the game there was, and fuel up for our game 3. I was drawn against a local Greek competitor called Stefanios (apologies if I’ve got that wrong), who had a friend along to chat through his options, and sadly for him was up against a player with his back to the wall….and I was utterly merciless after losing my first 2 games. I played as USSR, him USA+2, and on turn 1 I get the beautiful deal of Defectors and Purge, so you bet your ass I purged him. Coupled with that I got dealt 3 of the 4op cards and by the end of T1 with milops and scores I’m at -9. Oof. Then on Turn 2 I can headline Asia scoring for domination, he shows a hand of 1op cards and gives up by couping Cuba at DEFCON 2 rather than go further. It was a sad victory - but hell, at that point I needed victory badly! So I took the pyrrhic victory and hoped to win my last of the day to at least go in to day 2 at 2-2. Sadly it was too much for Stefanios who bugged out of the rest of the tournament, so I feel sad for killing his dreams so quickly, but man did I need a win :/
Game 4 - Counting Cards and Talking Trash
Last game of the day was against u/simonsays_getgrimey. I’m USA+2, he USSR; I get to purge him T1 *but* had to UN Intervention-Decolonization and space Destalinization* to manage the rest of my hand and got cleaned out of the Middle East in the process. Not nice at all. Turn 2 sees Asia drop for 0vp, and in T3 he rids the deck of CIA Created*. u/ydepth was on the other side of the room and asked “u/Cardlinger, you should be on the radio”. I said “why, because I talk so bloody much?”!
Asia was fine, leaning USA, but the Middle East was gross - and in turn 4 it scored. Oof. I also wasted 11 ops trying to realign Simon out of Cuba; in the end I use Muslim Revolution at the beginning of T5 to take Cuba to 4/1. I said “I don’t care if that brings Ortega into play, I’m not wasting another op trying to get you out of Cuba.” Foreshadowing!
In Turn 5 I get humped up and down Africa thanks to decolonization and a strong brush war; then in Turn 6 I start paring back: I pull it from -13 to -7 thanks to CA domination and winning the race to the 3/1 space spot, but by turn 7 it’s increasingly evident I’m going to have too much to do in order to win this game. Dodging Wargames* was a must to start, and in Turns 8 and 9 I do that whilst trying to leverage Europe Control, but Simon is always ready for it.
I had one last gambit. In T10 I event Cuban Missile Crisis* in the hope that he’ll forget: as I’m also holding Ortega and Cuba is 4/1 ;)
So we trade blows and it’s clear USSR will win in Final Scoring, so in T10AR7 I flip over Ortega with a shrug.
“Ah, mate” he says, “DEFCON suicide? After all that, sad”.
I say “hey, the coup is your entitlement” (all the while hoping he doesn’t look down and see CMC in front of him).
He says “I can’t do that to you after all that, let’s score it up”. I say “no, no, it’s your right if you want to roll that die”. So he does, and I drop the bombshell.
“You’ve technically just lost the game to Cuban Missile Crisis”.
He looks down, saying “what?” and I lead him right up to the point where he thinks “this guy is actually going to insist on this!” before I say “nah, I don’t want to win a game like that”. But oh man, so close to being the villain of the piece ;)
So rather than call that nuclear war at the USSR’s hands, we called it -14 in final scoring, and a well-earned win (and hopefully a lesson to watch your cards and not rely on ‘defcon warnings’ on your computer screen!). He did concede if it hadn’t been for my constant patter all game if I’d started chatting about Ortega right at the end after a game in silence he’d have known something was up, so my verbal diarrhoea really payed off. And I betrayed my promise to u/Wisebar that I wouldn’t be polite when CMC was active :D
End of Day 1 and the League of Champions
1-3 for day 1, but a few really fun games, with some great people. It was pleasing that the general atmosphere was more collaborative: we didn’t rely on chess clocks, everyone was happy to chat and have fun, the atmosphere was not sombre or serious AND every player went into day 2 with a chance of winning as only one player went 4-0 on the day - Ioan, who beat u/Ziemowit_P on the day!
Saturday night (games ended ~2000) we enjoy the Champions League final (2200 kickoff) and have some raki shots, so another late night (again in bed at 0130), perfect preparation for day 2. Despite my awful day 1 record I feel fine: 1 was lost by a whisker, and I don’t want to be the kind of player to claim a win for game 4, so I thought “all i need to do is sweep day 2 to get back in this.”
Day 2 - my recovery begins against Adrian Ziarko, and...is a joke funny the second time?
So day 2 dawns on us, and my decision to turn in before 2am was richly vindicated, with half the room awake till 4am or later(!), and I find myself up against Adrian as USA+2. His Socialist Governments and then coup of Italy AR1 (and my first Italy AR1 coup seen of the tournament) was much more powerful than my ME scoring headline, and by turn 2 Europe scores -5 for him. But, lucky for me: Indo-Pakistani War flips Asia Domination to me and scores. By turn 3 I also claim ME domination and space well, along with Europe Scoring for -1 only meaning I go into Turn 4 at +11. By this point luck is massively on my side - his coups after the Italy success were 1,1,2,1,2, and his spaces 5,5 before he just cuts the gordian knot with Captured Nazi Scientist*.
Turn 4 I headline HILTSW* and he does Decol, so I boldly raise Defcon to 5, and another poor coup for Adrian (Thailand 3op coup -> rolls 1) and good for me (China card coup -> roll 5) continues my good fortune, 8-7 in asia to deny USSR domination. Then after a T5 headline exchange of ABM and Junta I nail a 1-in-3 IPW to flip India and get full domination.
Turn 6 is a corker though: I headline, you guessed it, Cuban Missile Crisis\*, and his Missile Envy pulls Nuclear Test Ban so defcon rises to 4. He rolls a coup on Pakistan, and I do my thing again:
Call u/VytautasTheGreat over, and point out he couped before removing influence from Cuba. The crisis is in effect, well? u/simonsays_getgrimey is on the other side of the room and he has a grin on his face, knowing EXACTLY what I’m doing, but Adrian is tired and hungover and there’s a genuinely frosty couple of minutes where he things I really am trying to force a concession in this way. A hurried explanation that me messing with Simon the day before behooved me to make the same schtick on Adrian even if the joke wasn’t as funny the second time, and the coup stands. Cuban influence is removed after the fact, and we carry on for a few more ARs before a Nixon* 2VP and a massive Alliance for Progress* gets me up to +20 and the game is over. I will forever be remembered as the sneaky guy who events CMC on you and doesn’t give you the courtesy of warning you before couping ;) Respect to Adrian, the dice were well against him and the game was over before fairly begun, and I pull back to 2-3. Day 2 is on!
Game 6 - watching the ropes get learned by Giannis: a minnow with the sharks
Game 6 was against another Greek journeyman, Giannis, relatively knew to the game (but with a win under his belt from day 1!) so we share a really enjoyable game, as I discuss and explain the finer nuances of him playing as USSR and how Five Year Plan works on him, and Missile Envy too. I’m USA+2 and despite a relatively low op hand (I evented CNS* rather than RSP to preserve some ops), I make it through early war at -6, and begin to turn the screw in midwar, pulling ABM in T4, and having to choose not to cash Arms Race for 3vp...because using the ops to control Africa for +11 was better. That helps ease my mind, and a T5 Grain Sales headline helps me along further. I’m on cruise control here and a T7 headline combination of Grain Sales and Brezhnev Doctrine* helps me more: I’m tracking the cards and know he holds CIA* and Nuclear Subs, but in his relatively new status he makes the fatal error of spacing Nuclear Subs (using the Brezhnev bonus to elevate it to a 3op card and thus spaceable) and leaves himself with CIA* and no way to play it safely. Alas, game over, and well played for someone who willingly walked into the lion’s den: and I sneak back to 3-3 after a ropey first day. At this point some players are 5-1 and I’m thinking “I could still get on this podium if the results all go my way!”.
Game 7 - trading punch for punch with u/TheChinaCad - right to Final.
All the other players go for lunch, but we’re ready to keep rolling, so my opponent and I (u/TheChinaCad, playing USSR) just get started. I’m USA+2 again. u/TheChinaCad plays BLISTERINGLY fast: I can’t keep notes! Turn 1 is a quintessential battle for Europe with Suez Crisis*, De Gaulle Leads France* and an eventual USSR domination; by Turn 8 (that’s how few notes I took) USSR has Europe and ME domination and the score is at -11. I do what I can to push my fortune and get the score around the Wargames fulcrum, but in Turn 10 it’s still hairy. An Iran-Contra Scandal* headline threatens my ability to try and clean up the map, but the massive swing card comes out: Tear Down This Wall*. I get to realign France from 7/11 to 7/0 thanks to control of UK, Sportugal, Italy, Algeria and West Germany, and a fatal error by u/TheChinaCad in not using Pershing*’s effect to clear me out of Finland means in Final Scoring I score Europe Domination and 1vp adjacency, and win in Final by….1vp. Ouch. In fact I’d missed with 1 more op I could have got presence in South America, but I wasn’t looking hard after score counting and realising I was going to win by the thinnest of margins. Crazy, from 1-3 to 4-3 and one game left to play.
Game 8 - making (or breaking) of the King
At game 8 start the rankings were:
u/Ziemowit_P 5-2 (beaten by Iohan and u/trevelyan22)
u/trevelyan22 5-2
u/ydepth 5-2
Then a sheaf of 4-3ers all vying to muscle into the podium!
Z cleans his game up and Trevelyan loses his, so it’s a question of whether I be kingmaker...I draw u/ydepth for game 8 and you can BET YOUR ASS I’m not giving a free pass for him to share the top step with u/Ziemowit_P! I’m USSR, as u/ydepth accepts 2 for USA, and we get off to work. We trade mistakes in T1 and T2: in T1 he opens Marshall Plan* so I Purge him, and all his plans of De Gaulle* to 4/1, and drop Blockade* cheap go out the window, and he allows me to drop Europe Scoring for 0vp. PHEW! I also set up domination in Asia by my AR1 influence into Afghanistan. But in T2 I make a real error: with domination already in Asia and holding Asia scoring I make the mistake of headlining Vietnam Revolts*. In retrospect it should have been Suez Crisis* - and i failed to, so u/ydepth scores ME at +3VP in that turn, and it could have been -6 or more. A big swing, bigger than Europe 0VP in turn 1. In turn 3 we trade his Europe Domination for my ME/Asia domination, but, u/ydepth is already headline peeking going into T4. This forces me to play suboptimally, headlining Liberation Theory against his Junta, but I get to do the elegant old Nuclear Subs* AR6 to dump CIA* T7 and somehow hold Africa Domination whilst he pushes South America. Turn 5 I manage to hold Africa domination and score SA for 0vp, but he AR7 breaks Thailand, a good move. Turn 6 flips back to a battle for the Americas, my coup of Mexico allowing me to sneak it to -1VP, before Turn 7 scores Europe Domination for the USA but a self-imposed Quagmire*….which he gets out of in 1. Good work. I’m, however, still pressing the VPs and in the Wargames* range; In turn 8 u/ydepth pushes with TDTW* to try and scare me in Europe (I’m not holding Wargames*) and then in T9 headlines Eastern European Unrest to make real Late War damage, but thankfully...blessedly...I’ve got Wargames*. AND some 4op cards in case of Missile Envy. So I repair Poland AR1, he coups Mexico, and I drop Wargames* AR2 and sneak the win before it all goes bandy in Final Scoring.
Roundup
From 1-3 in Day 1 to 5-3 overall after my day 2 sweeping. PHEW! If only there’d been a day 3 :D
The result therefore was an outright winner - u/Ziemowit_P - and then a 5-way tie on 5-3. Thanks to the robot the rankings shook out so 2nd place was u/trevelyan22, what a showing, and rather than be kingmaker I was...princemaker?! - putting u/ydepth into 3rd place. Iirc I finished 6-12 (2 players withdrew on day 1) so midtable obscurity but what obscurity: a reputation for dropping CMC on people and then scaring them into submission, or near submission, and two really extreme days. The winners got very generous rewards from a local games store - http://efantasy.gr - 100eur / 80eur / 70eur gift vouchers - so we all met up there on Monday morning to have a nose around. Thanks to the sponsors for the generous prizes to our 3 podium-ers above!
So that’s the report: thanks again to u/VytautasTheGreat for organising, u/trevelyan22 for getting me out there, and all the players. You’ll notice I dodged, inter alia, u/Ziemowit_P and a few other really strong players, lucky me, but again the event was great - very relaxed (despite me being a prick about CMC), great fun, none too serious. I’m sorely tempted to try and pull together a Cambridge 5 world champs for 2020!
Apologies for length and boringness - I still have my paper notes from the games where I tracked stuff, if any questions arise, and well done to those who’ve read on this far ;) roll on 2020!
submitted by Cardlinger to twilightstruggle [link] [comments]

Global Coin-operated Amusement Devices Market 2020- Overview, New Industry Opportunities, Size, Developments In Regions Forecast To 2026

“Coin-operated Amusement Devices ” Market research report 2020-2026 comprises a complete market analysis and vendor landscape in addition to a SWOT analysis of the key vendors. The comprehensive knowledge is based on newest industry news, opportunities and Coin-operated Amusement Devices industry trends. It contains most of the Coin-operated Amusement Devices queries related to the market value, environmental analysis, Coin-operated Amusement Devices advanced techniques, latest developments, Coin-operated Amusement Devices market Size, business strategies and current trends.
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Table of Contents
1 Report Overview 1.1 Study Scope 1.2 Key Market Segments 1.3 Players Covered: Ranking by Coin-operated Amusement Devices Revenue 1.4 Market Analysis by Type 1.5 Market by Application
2 Global Growth Trends by Regions 2.1 Coin-operated Amusement Devices Market Perspective (2015-2026) 2.2 Coin-operated Amusement Devices Growth Trends by Regions 2.3 Industry Trends and Growth Strategy …… 3 Competition Landscape by Key Players 3.1 Global Top Coin-operated Amusement Devices Players by Market Size 3.1.1 Global Top Coin-operated Amusement Devices Players by Revenue (2015-2020) 3.1.2 Global Coin-operated Amusement Devices Revenue Market Share by Players (2015-2020) 3.1.3 Global Coin-operated Amusement Devices Market Share by Company Type ……. 4 Breakdown Data by Type (2015-2026) 4.1 Global Coin-operated Amusement Devices Historic Market Size by Type (2015-2020) 4.2 Global Coin-operated Amusement Devices Forecasted Market Size by Type (2021-2026)
5 Coin-operated Amusement Devices Breakdown Data by Application (2015-2026) 5.1 Global Coin-operated Amusement Devices Market Size by Application (2015-2020) 5.2 Global Coin-operated Amusement Devices Forecasted Market Size by Application (2021-2026)
6 North America 6.1 North America Coin-operated Amusement Devices Market Size (2015-2020) 6.2 Coin-operated Amusement Devices Key Players in North America (2019-2020) 6.3 North America Coin-operated Amusement Devices Market Size by Type (2015-2020)
7 Europe 7.1 Europe Coin-operated Amusement Devices Market Size (2015-2020) 7.2 Coin-operated Amusement Devices Key Players in Europe (2019-2020) 7.3 Europe Coin-operated Amusement Devices Market Size by Type (2015-2020) ……..
14Analyst's Viewpoints/Conclusions
15Appendix 15.1 Research Methodology 15.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach 15.1.2 Data Source 15.2 Disclaimer 15.3 Author Details
And Continued…
Contact Us:
Name: Ajay More
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[USA-NJ][H] GCN, Wii, Switch, 3/DS, PS1/2/3/4, Xbox/360, GB, Sega, Controllers/200+Games/Systems, Strategy Guides and More [W] Paypal, Trades

Pics on request! If it's still up it's still available! Getting rid of a pretty large chunk of my personal collection over the last 10+ years. Everything is in at least fair condition. I'd say most of it is great-perfect. Everything has been tested and works, obviously. Sad to see a lot of this go but I just have to make room for MORE GAMES :P
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Also very interested in trading! Please offer lists or check out my gameswap thread HERE
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Prices are off the top of my head and negotiable but don't include shipping. Trying to keep orders over $25
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-- CONSOLES/HANDHELDS --
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3DS XL - Bought brand new a couple years back. Its in good condition though the thumbstick has been cut off so its just a nub. Still perfectly functional (I cut it off on purpose, I prefer the nub) but you can get a replacement pretty easily. It has Zelda 4 Swords Anniversary loaded on it which you cant get anymore, so thats cool. Screen has those little marks from closing it that every ds has but no other scratches. Comes with 4gb sd card, stylus but no charger. $80
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GBA SP-101 - Its got scratches on the shell but it works perfectly. Comes with a charger. Screen is in perfect condition. $55
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PS2 Slim - Black PS2 Slim. Comes with all the hookups. Works perfectly fine and in really good shape. Unpopular opinion: I prefer the fat model. $40
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PS1 - Honestly, I'm sad to see it go since I love using it (I'm a sucker for big buttons) but I just don't have the space or power outlets for another system so I just use my ps2. Works perfectly fine. Comes with all the hookups. In really nice shape. Probably my toughest trade even though its pretty worthless.. $25
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Wii - White Gamecube Compatible Wii console with AV, Power and Sensor ccables. No SD card and the gcn battery door is missing a hing but still hangs on when opened. In great working condition. Also offer this CIB (I think anyway, see pics) but no Wii Sports game. $35/$55 CIB
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Sega Genesis Model 1 - Comes with power supply but no Video Cables, sorry. Works perfectly fine and in great condition. $40
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Sega Genesis Model 2 - Comes with power supply and 3rd party video cables, sorry. Its the one I had as a kid so I hope this goes to a good home. Works perfectly fine and in great condition. $35
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PS3 - Fat 40GB Black PS3 system with power cable but no HDMI cable. Probably the worst version of the PS3, I know, but I used it for years with no issues and loved it. Recently got a slim model with a bigger hard drive so I'm gonna use that! Tested and works perfectly! $50
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Xbox E - Model E (I think thats what its called) Black Xbox 360 with 120gb hard drive. Comes with power supply but no HDMI cable. Its in good working condition. $50
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OG XBOX - Black Xbox Console Only. No hookups. No controller. Nada. I even took parts out! Ha! (The clock capacitor, which is a good thing) It Works perfectly and in its great shape. But I can't spare any controllers or hookups right now, sorry! I actually need controller dongles if you have any! :) $40
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-- NON-WORKING CONSOLES --
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PS2 Slim Doesn't Read Discs - My original PS2 Slim I bought to play FFX and GTA 3. I remember it stopped working so well, then stopped reading discs. I fixed it somehow ten years ago but I honestly forget how. Something to do with the lid not being closed when it was..There was blue tape involved by the looks of it.. Anyways, I can't get it to read discs. It boots up perfectly but it won't recognize discs. I feel like its fixable but I just don't want to so have at it. Not Working $15
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Xbox 360 Slim Not Working - I got it at a garage sale, guy said it worked, doesn't work. It turns on but after a few minutes the green light goes red and I get no picture. Let me know if its a common problem with a quick fix and I'll try to get it working for you but for now its being listed as Not Working $20
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Sega Dreamcast - Powers on but the light is very faint. Doesnt really boot up at all. It just slowly got worse and worse over time and eventually just gave me no output. No screws to hold the top shell on. No Hookups. Not Working $15
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Wii - Red Wii that works perfectly fine but doesn't read discs. I bought this new some years back and I've been thinking about modding it but just never have. Never cleaned it or tried to get it to work. I had plenty of backups so this has just been sitting in the closet. Kinda still on the fence because I still may mod it. Not Working $20
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Retro Trio - Rare Blue and White Version. The Nes and Genesis ports work fine but the Snes port is super finicky. To the point where I'm saying it doesn't work so good luck once in a blue moon it works. It's missing the screws to hold the top shell down so it's fine if you dont pick it up by the top. No hookups but have the controllers it came with which work fine. Also have the box and inserts if anyone is interested, doubt it. Not Working $50
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-- CONTROLLERS - All OEM --
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Black GCN Controller - Really nice condition and works perfectly $20
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Platinum GCN Controller - Very worn but works perfectly $17
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N64 Controller Grey - Loose stick but works fine and in good shape $18
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N64 Controller Smoke - Loose stick. Good shape $18
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N64 Controller Aqua - Loose stick. In great shape.
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Red PS1 Controller - Really nice condition and works perfectly $10
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Snes Controllers - So I swapped the guts of these with SFC Controllers. The cord is like three feet long but they work perfectly! $8
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NES Max Turbo X2 - Both work perfectly and look great. $8
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White Wii Motes - Have a few of these, all in good condition and work perfectly fine. All are Non-Wii motion plus and I only have a couple extra battery covers so first come first serve on that. $8
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White Wii Nunchucks - Again, have many of these. All are in great shape and work perfectly. $8
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Non-Working Controllers - Black PS2 Controller (X2): Pins on output messed up, good shape otherwise - Genesis Controller (X2) OEM and Offbrand-turbo: One is straight up missing the D-Pad but works! Others works but have weak buttons and such. $4
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-- GAMES -- All Black Label/White Label, Etc (unless stated otherwise) --
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GAMECUBE CIB
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-Amazing Island $12
-Army Men Air Combat $18
-Army Men Sarges War $6
-Blowout $3
-Cars $3
-Dead to Rights $5
-Defender $5
-Dragon Ball Z Budekai $10
-Enter the Matrix $7
-Freaky Flyers $15
-Future Tactics $5
-Harry Potter Chamber of Secrets $5
-Haunted Mansion $7
-Hot Wheels Velocity $6
-Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy $15
-I-Ninja $18
-Lego Star Wars Original Trilogy $6
-LOTR Third Age $8
-NFS Underground 2 $7
-Pacman Fever $8
-Prince of Persia Sands of Time $9
-Rainbow Six 3 $6
-Ravemasters (SEALED) $50
-Red Faction 2 $8
-Robotech $8
-Samurai Jack (SEALED) $50
-Sims 1 $8
-Smashing Drive $8
-Sphinx and the Cursed Mummy $10
-Spiderman $5
-Splnter Cell Double Agent $8
-Splinter Cell $6
-Splinter Cell Pandora $6
-Splinter Cell Chaos Theory $6
-Spongebob Squarepants Movie $10
-SSX 3 $14
-Strike Force Bowling $8
-Super Bubble Pop $5
-Tak $6
-Tak 2 $6
-Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles $8
-Tony Hawk 3 $6
-Tony Hawk 4 $6
-Tony Hawk American Wasteland $8
-Tony Hawk Underground $8
-Universal Studios $8
-Whirl Tour $7
-Zapper $7
-Zoocube $6
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GAMECUBE NO MANUAL
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-Army Men RTS $8
-Bionicle $4
-Incredibles $5
-NFS Underground $5
-Spyhunter $5
-SSX Tricky $7
-Teenage Turtles 2 $10
-Top Gun $5
-Vexx $8
-Zatch Bell Mamodo Battles $7
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PLAYSTATION CIB
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-Crash 2 (GH, Water Damaged Manual) $10
-Final Fantasy Anthology $15
-Final Fantasy VII $25
-Final Fantasy VIII $15
-Final Fantasy IX $15
-Inuyasha $9
-NHL Faceoff 98 $3
-Spongebob Supersponge $3
-Toonstein: Dare to Scare $8
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PLAYSTATION 2 CIB
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-Ape Escape Pumped $12
-Battle Engine Aquila (bad cover art) $8
-Bouncer $8
-Bully $7
-COD 2 Big Red $4
-Crash Nitro Cart $7
-Escape Monkey Island $7
-Gran Turismo 3 $3
-GTA 3 $5
-Jak Combat Racing $10
-Kessen $5
-Kessen 2 $5
-Kingdom Hearts $10
-Legend of Alon Dar $7
-Mad Maestro $6
-Matrix Path of Neo $6
-Mcfarlane's Evil Prophecy $5
-Megaman X Command Mission $15
-Mojo $3
-Myst 3 $7
-Popcap Hits 1 $4
-Power Dome $4
-Savage Skies $4
-Shaman King Power of Spirit $8
-Splashdown $6
-Spongebob Flying Dutchman $6
-Star Ocean (With big Box) $14
-Tomb Raider Angel of Darkness $5
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PS2 No Manual
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-Star Wars Battlefront 2 $6
-Tokobots (printed cover art, disc only essentially) $8
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PS3 CIB
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*3D Dot Game Heroes $20
*Bejeweled (With Slip Cover) $5
*Bladesstorm Hundred Years War $7
*Bulletstorm $8
*Condemned Bloodshot $6
*Crysis 2 $8
*Dead Island $7
*Destiny $5
*Dishonored $8
*Dragons Dogma $5
*Dragons Dogma Dark Arisen $8
*Dynasty Warriors 6 $6
*Endwar $5
*Enslaved $8
*Essentials Collection in box (Xcom, Bioshock, Borderlands) $10
*Fuel $7
*Gran Turismo 5 Prologue (Japan Version) $5
*Gran Turismo 5 $5
*Gundam Warriors 3 $15
*Heavenly Sword $5
*Homefront $8
*Lair $5
*Legend of Spyro $50
*Lollipop Chainsaw $12
*Max Pain 3 $7
*Metal Gear Solid HD Collection $10
*MGS 4 $6
*MGS 5 $10
*Motor Storm Pacific Rift $8
*Red Faction Armageddon $8
*Rage $5
*Reckoning Kingdoms of Amalur $10
*Remember Me $10
*Resident Evil Operation Racoon City $8
*SBK Super Bike $4
*Shadow Hawk $4
*Shadows of the Damned $10
*Space Marine 40k $8
*Split Second $12
*Star Wars Force Unleashed $10
*Tales of Xillia Limited Edition (Outer Box, Artbook, Sealed Soundtrack Only) $15
*Tomb Raider $8
*Tornado Outbreak $14
*Two Worlds 2 $5
*Viking $6
*Witch and the Hundred Knight (No Manual) $10
*White Knight Chronicles $7
*Yaiba Ninja Gaiden Z $8
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PS4 CIB
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-Dark Souls 3 $15
-Fallout 4 $15
-Final Fantasy XV $15
-Geometry Wars Evolved $5
-God Eater 2 $8
-Horizon Zero Dawn (Normal Edition) $17
-Nier Automata $28
-Tearaway Crafter Edition $7
-Toukiden Kiwami $13
-The Witcher 3; Wild Hunt $13
-Yooka Laylee $10
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XBOX CIB
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*Pacman World 2 (PH) $8
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XBOX 360 CIB
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*007 Quantum of Solice $6
*2010 Fifa South Africa $3
-Agerest War Zero $8
-Alpha Protocol $7
-Amped 3 $5
-Armored Core 4 $7
-Assassins Creed 3 $5
-Attack of the Movies #D (with 4 3D glasses) $7
-Banjo Kazooie & Viva Pinata Pack $8
-Battlefield Bad Compant Gold Edition $7
-Battle Fantasia $12
-Big Bumpin' $3
-Bionic Commando $6
-Blue Dragon $15
-Borderlands $6
-Brothers in Arms Hells Highway $6
-Brutal Legend $7
-Bulletstorm $6
-Bulletwitch (No Manual) $10
-CoD Black Ops $8
-Clive Barkers Jericho $5
-Chromehounds $5
-Command and Conquer 3 $10
-Dark Sector $8
-Diablo 3 $8
-Divinity 2 Igo Draconis $8
-Dragon Age 2 $7
-Duke Nukem Forever $5
-Dynasty Warriors 5 Empires $6
-Eden $5
-Enchanted Arms $7
-Forza 2 $8
-Fracture $7
-Front Mssion Evolved $5
-GTA 4 $6
-GTA 5 $15
-Hour of Victory $10
-Kengo Legend of the 9 $10
-Last Remnant $8
-Left 4 Dead (sticker on spine) $8
-Lucha Libre AAA $8
-Marvel Ultimate Alliance & Forza 2 $7
-N3 Ninety Nine Nights $8
-Pocket Bike Racer $3
-Prince of Persia $9
-Red Factiion Guerilla $7
-Sega Tennis & Xbox live Arcade $5
-Singularity $7
-Sneak King $4
-Star Wars Force Unleashed $12
-Table Tennis $5
-Timeshift $7
-Too Human $6
-Turok $6
-Two Worlds $5
-Ultimate Marvel Vs. Capcom 3 $12
-Viva Pinata Party Animals $6
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Super Famicom
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-R-Type $10
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3/DS CIB
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-Harvest Moon: A New Beginning $15
-Hometown Story $10
-Legend of Zelda Phantom Hourglass (case/manual only no game) $15
-Legend of Zelda Spirit Tracks $30
-Legend of Zelda Ocarina of Time $15
-Luigi's Mansion (case only) $5
-Mario Party Island Tour $17
-Monster Hunter 3 Ultimate $15
-Monster Hunter 4U $15
-Monster Hunter Generations $15
-Pokemon Y $18
-Steel Diver $5
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Wii (CIB unless stated otherwise)
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-Animal Crossing City Folk (no manual) $10
-Animal Kingdom Wildlife Expedition $7
-Conduit $7
-Dewys Adventure $8
-Donkey Kong Country (Case Only) $5
-Excite Truck $8
-Firefighter Real Heroes $6
-Fling Smash $5
-Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy $10
-Geometry Wars Galaxies $10
-Ghost Squad (no manual) $8
-Heavenly Guardians $7
-Lost in Blue $7
-Mario and Sonic Olympic Games - $15
-Mario Party 8 (disc only) $15
-Mario Super Sluggers $10
-Munchables (sticker on spine) $12
-Muramasa Demon Blade $12
-Ocean Commander $6
-Octomania $6
-Order Up $7
-Pokemon Battle Revolution (no manual) $17
-Rampage $13
-Resident Evil 4 (sealed or opened) $10
-Rygar $10
-Sin and Punishment (has one big scratch but plays fine) $8
-Sky Crawlers $12
-Super Mario Galaxy $14
-Super Mario Galaxy 2 $15
-Trauma Center New Blood $8
-Trauma Center Second Opinion $6
-Vertigo $7
-Warioware Smooth Moves $8
-Zack and Wiki (no manual) $10
-These are just highlights. I have but haven't listed 200+ unique games I don't want on the Wii so if you happen to need something for Wii like that let me know! I Probably have it..
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-- MISC STUFF, STRATEGY GUIDES, Etc. --
-Legend of Zelda: A Link Between Worlds Collectors Edition hardcover book $40
-Dark Souls II hardcover strategy guide $20
-Star Wars Republic Commando Prima strategy guide $10
-Dragon Quest VIII strategy guide $10
-Pokemon 10th Anniversary Pokedex Hardcover $10
-Pokemon Emerald Strategy Guide $10
-Pokemon Mystery Dungeon B/R strategy guide $10
-Wind Waker Map $20
-Skyrim Map $12 (controller for scale)
-Fallout 3 Map $5
-Tales of Xillia (Outer Box, Artbook, Sealed Soundtrack Only) $5
-Xbox One Kinect $20
-PS1 Magazine Demo Disks $2 each
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Reputation: https://www.reddit.com/mushroomkingdom/comments/8p67we/upuckswack12_trade_thread/
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Thanks for looking and show me YOUR LISTS! Just because I didn't mention something doesn't mean I don't want it. Looking for Everything from Atari - Modern.. Really you name it. I'm really only interested in CIB disc/DS games. Loose carts are preferred. I will add more games over time so keep checking!
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